The Johns Hopkins Hospital
600 North Wolfe Street
Phipps 446
Baltimore, MD 21287
Division of Cerebrovascular Neurology
The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Publications
Original Reserach
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Kiehl EL, Parker A, Matar RM, Gottbrecht MF, Johansen MC, Adams MP, Griffiths LA, et al. "C‐GRApH: A Validated Scoring System for Early Stratification of Neurologic Outcome After Out‐of‐Hospital Cardiac Arrest Treated With Targeted Temperature Management." Journal of the American Heart Association 6, no. 5 (2017): e003821.
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Johansen MC, Shah AM, Lirette ST, Griswold M, Mosley TH, Solomon SD, Gottesman RF. Associations of Echocardiography Markers and Vascular Brain Lesions: The ARIC Study. J Am Heart Assoc. 2018 Dec 18;7(24):e008992.
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Johansen MC, Lin M, Nazarian S, Gottesman RF. Associations of echocardiographic features with stroke in those without atrial fibrillation. Neurology. 2019 Feb 26;92(9):e924-e932.
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Johansen MC, Gottesman RF, Urrutia VC. Cerebral venous thrombosis: Associations between disease severity and cardiac markers. Neurology: Clinical Practice. 2019 May 17:10-212.
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Johansen MC, Mosley TH, Knopman DS, Wong DF, Wagenknecht LE, Shah AM, Solomon SD, Gottesman RF. The Associations between Left Ventricular structure, function and Cerebral Amyloid: The ARIC-PET study. Stroke. 2019 Dec;50(12):3622-3624.
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Al Rifai M, Blaha MB, Ahmed A, Almosoudi F, Johansen MC, Qureshi W, Sakr S, Virani SS, Brawner CA, Ehrman JK, Keteyian SJ, Al-Mallah MH. Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Incident Stroke Types: The FIT (Henry Ford ExercIse Testing) Project. 2020 Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 95 (7), pp. 1379-1389.
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Yahya T, Blaha M, Johansen MC. Stroke in the Young Adult: Current Trends, Opportunities for Prevention and Pathways Forward. American Journal of Preventive Cardiology, Volume 3, 2020, 100085.
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Johansen MC, Mosley TH, Knopman DS, Wong DF, Ndumele C, Shah AM, Solomon SD, Gottesman RF. The Associations between Atrial Cardiopathy and Cerebral Amyloid: The ARIC-PET study. The Journal of the American Heart Association. 2020 Dec 15;9(24):e018399.
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Johansen MC, Doria de Vasconcellos H, Nazarian S, Lima JAC, Gottesman RF. The Investigation of Left Atrial Structure and Stroke Etiology: The I-LASER Study. The Journal of the American Heart Association. 2021 Jan 19;10(2):e018766.
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Khan SU, Khan MZ, Khan MU, Mamas AM, Rashid M, Blankstein R, Virani SS, Johansen MC, Blaha MJ, Cainzos-Achirica Miguel, Vahidy FS, Nasir K. Clinical and Economic Burden of Stroke Among Young, Midlife and Older Adults in the United States, 2002 – 2017. Mayo Clin Proc Innov Qual Outcomes. 2021 Apr 8;5(2):431-441.
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Obisedan OH, Osei AD, Berman D, Dardari ZA, Uddin SM, Dzaye O, Orimoloye OA, Budoff MJ, Miedema MD, Rumberger J, Mirbolouk M, Boakye E, Johansen MC, Rozanski A, Shaw L, Nasir K, Blaha MJ. Thoracic Aortic Calcification for the prediction of stroke mortality: The Coronary Artery Calcium Consortium. Am J Cardiol. 2021 Mar 2:S0002-9149(21)00213-7.
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Ziai WC, Cho SM, Johansen MC, Ergin B, Bahouth MN. Transcranial Doppler in Acute COVID-19 Infection: Unexpected Associations. Stroke. 2021 Jul;52(7):2422-2426.
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Johansen MC, Gottesman RF, Kral BG, Vaidya D, Yanek LR, Becker LC, Becker DM, Nyquist P. Association of Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis with Brain White Matter Hyperintensity. Stroke. Stroke. 2021 Aug;52(8):2594-2600.
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Williams NL, Suarez A, Negoita S, Hillis AE, Gottesman RF, Johansen MC. Cardiac Structure and Function is Associated with Hemispatial Neglect Severity. Front Neurol. 2021 May 6;12:666257.
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Johansen MC, Nyquist P, Sullivan KJ, Fornage M, Gottesman RF, Becker DM. Cerebral small-vessel disease in individuals with a family history of coronary heart disease: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Neuroepidemiology. 2021;55(4):316-322.
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Yahya T, Jilani MH, Khan SU, Mszar R, Hassan SZ, Blaha MJ, Blankstein R, Virani SS, Johansen MC, Vahidy F, Cainzos-Achirica M, Nasir K. Stroke in young adults: Current trends, opportunities for prevention and pathways forward. Am J Prev Cardiol. 2020 Sep 9;3:100085.
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Daneshvari NO, Johansen MC. Associations between cerebral magnetic resonance imaging infarct volume and acute ischemic stroke etiology. PLoS One. 2021 Aug 23;16(8):e0256458.
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Selvaraj S, Claggett B, Johansen MC, Cunningham JW, Gottesman RF, Yu B, Boerwinkle E, Mosley TH, Shah AM, Soloman SD. APOE Polymorphism, Cardiac Remodeling, and Heart Failure in the ARIC Study. Journal of Cardiac Failure. J Card Fail. 2021 Dec 26:S1071-9164.
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Johansen MC, Wang W, Zhang MJ, Alonso A, Wong DF, Gottesman RF, Chen LY. Associations Between Atrial Arrhythmias and Brain Amyloid Deposition: The ARIC-PET Study. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease. 2022 Jan 4(Preprint):1-5.
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Koton S, Pike J, Johansen MC, Knopman DS, Lakshminarayan K, Mosley T, Patole S, Rosamond WD, Schneider ALC, Sharrett R, Wruck L, Coresh J, Gottesman RF. Ischemic Stroke Incidence, Severity, and Recurrence as Risk Factors for Dementia in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Cohort Study. JAMA Neurology. 2022 Jan 24.
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Wang W, Zhang MJ, Inciardi RM, Norby FL, Johansen MC, Parikh R, Van’t Hof JR, Alonso A, Soliman EZ, Mosley TH, Gottesman RF, Shah AM, Solomon SD, Chen LY. Association of echocardiographic measures of left atrial function and size with incident dementia. JAMA. 2022 Mar 22;327(12):1138-1148.
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Hicks CW, Wang D, Schneider ALC, Johansen MC, Gottesman RF, Matsushita K, Coresh J, Windham BG, Selvin E. Associations of Peripheral Neuropathy Defined by Monofilament Insensitivity with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia in Older Adults. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2022 Mar 28:1-9.
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Bianco F, De Caterina R, Chandra A, Aquila I, Clagett B, Johansen MC, Goncalves A, Norby F, Cogswell R, Soliman E, Gottesman RF, Mosley T, Alonso A, Shah A, Solomon S, Chen L. Left atrial remodeling and stroke in patients with sinus rhythm and normal ejection fraction: the ARIC-NCS Study. JAHA. 2022 May 3.
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Hannawi Y, Vaidya D, Yanek LR, Johansen MC, Kral BG, Becker LC, Becker DM, Nyquist PA. Association of Vascular Properties with the Brain White Matter Hyperintensities in Middle-Age Population. JAHA. 2022 Jun 7.
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Johansen MC, Wang W, Zhang M, Knopman D, Ndumele C, Mosley T, Selvin E, Shah A, Solomon, S, Gottesman RF, Chen LY. The Risk of Dementia Associated with Atrial Cardiopathy: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. JAHA. 2022 Aug 10:e025646.
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Koton S, Patole S, Carlson JM, Haight T, Johansen M, Schneider ALC, Pike JR, Gottesman RF, Coresh J. Methods for stroke severity assessment by chart review in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Sci Rep. 2022 Jul 19;12(1):12338.
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Zhao D, Gootee E, Johansen MC. Atrial Cardiopathy is Associated with Cerebral Microbleeds in Ischemic Stroke Patients. Frontiers in Neurology. 2022 Sept 01; 13.
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Gootee E, Stein C, Walker A, Daneshvari N, Blaha M, Lima J, Gottesman F, Johansen MC. Normal left atrial diameter is associated with better performance on a cognitive screener among a cohort of ischemic stroke patients. Frontiers Neurology. 2022 November 24.
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Maheshwari A, Norby FL, Inciardi RM, Wang W, Zhang MJ, Soliman EZ, Alonso A, Johansen MC, Gottesman R, Solomon SD, Shah AM, Chen LY. Left Atrial Mechanical Dysfunction and the Risk of Ischemic Stroke in People Without Atrial Fibrillation or Stroke: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2023 Jan 17.
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Johansen MC, Ye W, Gross A, Gottesman RF, Han D, Whitney R, Briceno EM, Giordani BJ, Shore S, Elkind MSV, Manly JJ, Sacco RL, Fohner A, Griswold M, Psaty BM, Sidney S, Sussman J, Yaffe K, Moran AE, Heckbert S, Hughes TM, Galecki A, Levine DA. Association Between Acute Myocardial Infarction and Decline in Cognition: A Pooled Cohort Analysis of the ARIC, MESA, CARDIA, CHS, FOS and NOMAS studies. JAMA Neurology. Published online May 30, 2023.
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Reyes JL, Norby FL, Wang W, Parikh R, Oldenburg NC, Lutsey PL, Jack CR, Johansen M, Gottesman RF, Coresh J, Mosley T, Soliman EZ, Alonso A, Chen LY. Association of Abnormal P-Wave Parameters with Brain MRI Morphology: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Neurocognitive Study (ARIC-NCS). Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology. 2023 Mar 16.
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Liberman AL, Wang Z, Zhu Y, Hassoon A, Cho J, Austin M, Johansen MC, Lehman H, Newman-Toker, DE. Optimizing Measurement of Misdiagnosis-Related Harms using Symptom-Disease Pair Analysis of Diagnostic Error (SPADE): Comparison Groups. Diagnosis. 2023 Apr 5.
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Zhang MJ, Ji Y, Wang W, Norby FL, Parikh R, Eaton AA, Inciardi RM, Alonso A, Soliman EZ, Mosley TH, Johansen MC, Gottesman RF, Shah AM, Solomon SD, Chen LY (2023). Association of Atrial Fibrillation with Stroke and Dementia Accounting for Left Atrial Function and Size. JACC Adv 2(2). 2023 Jul 28.
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Ehrman JK, Keteyian SJ, Johansen MC, Blaha MJ, Al-Mallah MH, Brawner CA. Improved cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with lower incident ischemic stroke risk: Henry Ford FIT project. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2023 Jun 30.
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Johansen MC, Chen J, Schneider ALC, Carlson J, Haight T, Lakshminarayan K, Patole S, Gottesman RF, Coresh J, Koton S. The Association between Ischemic Stroke Subtype and Stroke Severity: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Neurology. 2023 Jul 6.
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Okine DN, Knopman DS, Mosley TH, Wong DF, Johansen MC, Walker KA, Jack Jr CR, Pike JR, Graff-Radford J, Gottesman RF. Cerebral Microbleed Patterns and Cortical Amyloid-β: The ARIC-PET Study. Stroke. 2023 Aug 28.
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Sloane KL, Gottesman RF, Johansen MC, Jones Berkeley S, Coresh J, Kucharska-Newton A, Rosamond WD, Schneider ALC, Koton S. Stroke Subtype and Risk of Subsequent Hospitalization: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Neurology. 2024 Feb 13;102(3):e208035.
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Erhabor J, Boakye E, Dardari Z, Dzaye O, Soroosh G, Berman DS, Budoff MJ, Miedema MD, Nasir K, Rumberger JA, Shaw LJ, Johansen MC, Blaha MJ. Coronary artery calcium for stroke mortality prediction. Vasc Med. 2024 Feb 9:1358863X231226217.
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Shore S, Li H, Zhang M, Whitney R, Gross AL, Bhatt AS, Nallamothu BK, Giordani B, Briceño EM, Sussman JB, Gutierrez J, Yaffe K, Griswold M, Johansen MC, Lopez OL, Gottesman RF, Sidney S, Heckbert SR, Rundek T, Hughes TM, Longstreth WT Jr, Levine DA. Trajectory of Cognitive Function After Incident Heart Failure. medRxiv [Preprint]. 2024 Feb 11:2024.02.09.24302608.
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Egle M, Wang WC, Johansen MC, Fann YC, Lee JT, Yeh CH, Lin CHJ, Jeng JS, Sun Y, Lien LM, Gottesman RF. Sex Differences in the Role of Multimorbidity on Post-Stroke Disability: The Taiwan Stroke Registry. Neurology. 2024 Mar 12.
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Hassoon A, Ng C, Lehmann H, Rupani H, Peterson S, Horberg MA, Liberman AL, Sharp AL, Johansen MC, McDonald K, Austin JM, Newman-Toker DE. Computable phenotype for diagnostic error: developing the data schema for application of symptom-disease pair analysis of diagnostic error (SPADE). Diagnosis (Berl). 2024 May 3.
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Lee M, Lakshminarayan K, Sedaghat S, Sabayan B, Chen L, Johansen M, Gottesman R, Heckbert S, Misialek J, Szklo M, Lutsey P. Population Attributable Fraction of Total Stroke Associated with Modifiable Risk Factors in the United States. American journal of epidemiology. 2024 June 19.
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Columbo JA, Daya N, Colantonio LD, Wang Z, Foti K, Hyacinth HI, Johansen MC, Gottesman RG, Goodney PP, Howard VJ, Muntner P, Schneider ALC, Selvin E, Hicks CW. Derivation and Validation of ICD-10 Codes for Identifying Incident Stroke. JAMA Neurol. July 01, 2024.
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Hussain A, Johansen MC, Blaha MJ, Al-Mallah MH, Cainzos-Achirica M, Nambi V, Rotter JI, Guo X, Yao J, Rich SS, Patel J, McEvoy JW, Nasir K, Gottesman R, Blumenthal RS, Ballantyne CM, Virani SS, Rifai MA. Predictors of incident stroke among individuals without coronary artery calcification: A pooled cohort analysis from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, Jackson Heart Study, and Framingham Heart Study. Vascular Medicine. 2024 Sept 6.
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Lopez A, Wang J, Prashant M, Johansen MC. Determining Differences in the Association between Atrial Fibrillation and Ischemic Stroke Outcomes by Treatment Received. Hearts. 2024 Oct 29.
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Wang W, Lutsey PL, Incidardi RM, Reyes JL, Mosley TH, Johansen MC, Gottesman RF, Alonso A, Jack Jr. CR, Solomon SD, Shah AM, Wasserman BA, Chen LY. Association of left atrial function with vascular brain injury: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study. Eur J Neurol. 2024 Nov 21.
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Shore, S, Li, H, Zhang, M, Whitney, R, Gross, A, Bhatt, A, Nallamothu, B, Giordani, B, Briceño, E, Sussman, J, Gutierrez, J, Yaffe, K, Griswold, M, Johansen, MC, Lopez, O, Gottesman, R, Sidney, S, Heckbert, S, Rundek, T, Hughes, T, Longstreth, W, Levine, D. Trajectory of Cognitive Function After Incident Heart Failure. Circ Heart Failure. 2025 Feb 18.
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Kong S, Gootee E, Williams N, Gottesman RF, Johansen MC. Congestive Heart Failure and Its Associations with Cognition and Cerebral Blood Flow. Brain Circulation. 2025 March 20.
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Yaghi SM, Johansen MC, Ghannam M, Kasner SE, Singh N, Sposato LA, Siegler JE, Sur NB, Khan F, Kamel H, Elkind MSV, Furie K. Proposal for the Ischemic Stroke Phenotyping System 2025: ISPS25. Stroke. In Press- Accepted June 22 2025.
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Johansen MC, Chen J, Walker KA, Wang Z, Wang W, Chen LY, Kalani R, Floyd J, Fornage M, Pike JR, Gottesman RF, Coresh J. Proteomics and the risk of incident embolic and thrombotic stroke. Annals of Neurology. In Press-Accepted June 25, 2025
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Zhou J*, Ladak AA*, Law CA, Johansen MC, Reyes A, Koton S, Kelly S, Huang J, Lakshminarayan K, Gottesman RF, Johnson E**, Schneider, ALC**. Associations of Stroke with Risk of Epilepsy: Results from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology. 2025. In Press-Accepted July 1, 2025
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Cowan LT, Tome J, Beckodro CK, Lutsey PL, Lakshminarayan K, Johansen MC, Baldwin JD. Weight change and ischemic stroke risk among participants in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. Neuroepidemiology. In Press-Accepted July 19, 2025.
Invited Review Articles
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Chapman SN, Mehndiratta P, Johansen MC, McMurry TL, Johnston KC, Southerland AM. Current perspectives on the use of intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) for treatment of acute ischemic stroke. Vascular health and risk management. 2014;10:75.
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Johansen MC, De Vasconcellos, HD, Gottesman, RF. “Understanding Atrial Cardiopathy: An Under-Recognized Contributor to Cardioembolic Stroke.” Curr Treat Options Neurol (2019) 21: 32.
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Johansen MC, Langton-Frost N & Gottesman RF. The Role of Cardiovascular Disease in Cognitive Impairment. Curr Geri Rep (2020).
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Arthur K, Fracica L, Johansen MC. Stroke treatment in the setting of Systemic Disease. Current Treatment Options in Neurology. Curr Treat Options Neurol 22, 44 (2020).
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Johansen MC, Gottesman, RF. Cerebrovascular Disease and Cognitive Outcome in Patients with Cardiac Disease. Semin Neurol. 2021 Apr 13.
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Johansen MC. The Future of Ischemic Stroke Diagnosis and a Review of Underrecognized Ischemic Stroke Etiologies. Neurotherapeutics. 2023 May 8.
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Sposato LA, Sur NB, Katan M, Johansen MC, De Marchis GM, Caso V, Fischer U, Chaturvedi S. Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source: New Data and New Controversies on Cardiac Monitoring and Anticoagulation. Neurology. April 8 2024.
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Johansen MC, von Rennenberg R, Nolte CH, Jensen M, Bustamante A, Katan M. The role of cardiac biomarkers in stroke and cognitive impairment. Stroke. 2024 July 17.
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Seiffge DJ, Paciaroni M, Auer EA, Saw J, Johansen M, Benz AP. Left atrial appendage occlusion and its role in stroke prevention. Stroke. 2025 April 18.
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Sposato L, Johansen MC. Advances in Neurocardiology: Timing of Anticoagulation in Patients with Ischemic Stroke and Atrial Fibrillation. Stroke. In Press-Accepted April 24, 2025
Review Articles
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Chen BJ, Daneshvari NO, Johansen MC. Bleeding risk in patients with cardiac disease from ischemic stroke reperfusion therapy: an update. BMJ Neurol Open. 2021 Aug 17;3(2):e000156.
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Razavi AC, Troy AL, Patel J, Mehta LS, Spitz JA, Lloyd-Jones D, Whelton SP, Johansen MC, Blumenthal RS. Future of Stroke Prevention: Seven Key Updates in the 2024 AHA/ASA Guideline on the Primary Prevention of Stroke. JACC: Advances. Accepted February 25, 2025.
Case Reports
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Gailloud P, Deib G, Pearl MS, Khoshnoodi M, Johansen MC. Intersegmental artery dissection resulting in spinal infarction. Neurology: Clinical Practice. 2019 Oct 30.
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Evan, J, Akst, L, Johansen MC. Dysphagia, dysphonia and a deviated tongue: Diagnosing Collet-Sicard Syndrome. BMJ Case Reports. 2021 May 21;14(5):e243154.
Book Chapters, Monographs
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Hao Q, Johansen MC, Wityk R. Chapter 81 – Posterior Circulation: Large Artery Occlusive Disease and Embolism In: Caplan LR, Biller J, Leary MC, Lo EH, Thomas AJ, Yenari M, and Zhang JH, eds., Primer on Cerebrovascular Diseases, Second Edition, San Diego: Academic Press, 2017: pp-pp 392-397.
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Zhao D, Arthur, K, Naghani, IM, Johansen MC. Chapter 11-Maternal Stroke In: Contemporary Topics in Cardio-Obstetrics. Springer Nature. 2023 Aug 3.
Editorials
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Cole JW, Johansen MC. Risk of recurrent cervical artery dissection. Neurology Mar 2018, 10.1212/WNL.0000000000005322; DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000005322
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Johansen MC, Sheth KN. Is incident stroke associated with increased risk of major adverse cardiovascular events? Neurology. 2020 Mar 10. pii: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000009235. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000009235.
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Gottesman RF, Johansen MC. Coronary revascularization and cognitive decline: The patient or the procedure? JAMA. 2021 May 18;325(19):1941-1942.
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Johansen MC, Blaha MJ. Coronary Artery Calcium: A Risk Factor for Brain Aging? Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2021 Jul;14(7):e013062.
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Johansen MC. Unraveling the cause of stroke-induced cognitive decline. The Lancet Healthy Longevity. 2023 Dec 1. 4(12):e653-e654.
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Razavi AC, Troy AL, Patel J, Mehta LS, Spitz JA, Lloyd-Jones D, Whelton SP, Johansen MC, Blumenthal RS. Future of stroke prevention: 7 updates in the 2024 AHA/ASA primary prevention of stroke guideline. JACC: Advances. 2025 May 8.
Brief Reports and Expert Opinion
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Johansen MC, Geocadin RG and Kamel H. Embolic Stroke of Unknown Source Clinical Trials and Advances in Research. Ann Neurol. doi:10.1002/ana.25825
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Johansen MC, Jones-London M, Koroshetz W, Masliah E, Nath A, Whittemore V, McArthur JC. ANA Webinar: Clinical and Basic Research Resilience during COVID-19. Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology: doi: 10.1002/acn3.51230.
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Johansen MC, Campbell BCV. ANA Investigates: Tenecteplase. Ann Neurol. 2021 May 2. doi: 10.1002/ana.26093.
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Johansen MC, Cereda CW, Heit JJ. ANA Investigates: Basilar Artery Stroke. Ann Neurol. 2022 Apr;91(4):441-442.
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Stretz C, Goss AL, Johansen MC, Sposato LA. ANA Investigates: Atrial Fibrillation after Stroke. Ann Neurol. 2025 Feb 14.
Guidelines/Protocols, Consensus Statement, Expert Opinion, Consortium Articles
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Martin SS, Aday AW, Almarzooq ZI, Anderson CAM, Arora P, Avery CL, Baker-Smith CM, Barone Gibbs B, Beaton AZ, Boehme AK, Commodore-Mensah Y, Currie ME, Elkind MSV, Evenson KR, Generoso G, Heard DG, Hiremath S, Johansen MC, Kalani R, Kazi DS, Ko D, Liu J, Magnani JW, Michos ED, Mussolino ME, Navaneethan SD, Parikh NI, Perman SM, Poudel R, Rezk-Hanna M, Roth GA, Shah NS, St-Onge MP, Thacker EL, Tsao CW, Urbut SM, Van Spall HGC, Voeks JH, Wang NY, Wong ND, Wong SS, Yaffe K, Palaniappan LP. 2024 Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics: A Report of US and Global Data from the American Heart Association. Brain Health Chapter. Circulation. 2024 Feb 20.
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Sposato LA, Cameron AC, Johansen MC, Katan M, Murthy SB, Schachter M, B Sur N, Yaghi S, Aspberg S, Caso V, Hsieh CY. Ischemic stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation and a recent ischemic stroke, TIA, or intracranial hemorrhage: A World Stroke Organization (WSO) scientific statement. International Journal of Stroke. 2024 Dec 24:17474930241312649.
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Martin SS, Aday AW, Allen NB, Almarzooq ZI, Anderson CAM, Arora P, Avery CL, Baker-Smith CM, Bansal N, Beaton AZ, Commodore-Mensah Y, Currie ME, Elkind MSV, Fan W, Generoso G, Gibbs BB, Heard DG, Hiremath S, Johansen MC, Kazi DS, Ko D, Leppert MH, Magnani JW, Michos ED, Mussolino ME, Parikh NI, Perman SM, Rezk-Hanna M, Roth GA, Shah NS, Springer MV, St-Onge MP, Thacker EL, Urbut SM, Van Spall HGC, Voeks JH, Whelton SP, Wong ND, Wong SS, Yaffe K, Palaniappan LP. 2025 Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics: A Report of US and Global Data from the American Heart Association. Brain Health Chapter. Circulation. 2025 Jan 27.